Comparison of fluoride release and solubility for different glass ionomer cements

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.16.004

Abstract

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Modified glass ionomer cements improve the mechanical properties, abrasion resistance and beauty of traditional glass ionomer cements, and therefore they have been gradually adopted in many fields of oral clinical application. However, it is not clear that the fluoride release behavior and soluble characteristics.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the fluoride release behavior and soluble characteristics of four glass ionomer cements in artificial saliva: Fuji II tranditional type, Fuji Plus hydroxyapatite modified type, Fuji IX metal modified type, and Fuji II LC light-curing resin modified type.

METHODS: For each glass ionomer cement, cylindrical specimens were made and immerged into the artificial saliva. Fluoride release within 0-28 days was measured by using fluoride ion selective electrode. The weight of specimens was measured by using an analytical balance to further calculate the solubility. SPSS and Origin software were used for statistical analysis and nonlinear regression analysis, respectively.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: For each glass ionomer cement, the fluoride release was peaked at the first day, decreased rapidly for the following several days, and then kept relatively stable at the end. The daily amount and accumulation of fluoride of Fuji II LC were significantly higher than those of other three glass ionomer cements (P < 0.01). The formula (Y=a + b * t^0.5 + c * t) could better simulate the variation of fluoride release accumulations, and the fluoride release accumulations were in approximate proportional relationship with solubility. Fuji II LC reached the maximum fluoride release accumulations and the maximum ratio of fluoride release accumulations to solubility.

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程

全文链接：

Key words: biocompatible materials, fluorine, self-curing of dental resins, hydroxyapatites

CLC Number:

R318

Liu Li-xia, Chen Lin. Comparison of fluoride release and solubility for different glass ionomer cements[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2014, 18(16): 2480-2486.

Figures/Tables 3

2.1 不同类型玻璃离子水门汀氟释放量的动态变化趋势将不同类型玻璃离子水门汀试样放入人工唾液中后，采用氟离子选择电极检测每天玻璃离子水门汀试样的氟释放量，结果见图1A所示。对照组与3种改性玻璃离子水门汀均在第1天达到最高的氟释放量，而在随后几天迅速下降，实验进行7 d后，Fuji Ⅱ(对照组)，Fuji Plus和Fuji Ⅸ的氟释放量保持稳定，数值分别为9.28-16.81 ng/mm2，14.38-18.97 ng/mm2和6.34-12.78 ng/mm2，而Fuji Ⅱ LC的氟释放量保持缓速下降的趋势，从第8天的68.16 ng/mm2逐渐下降到第28天的28.99 ng/mm2。对4种玻璃离子水门汀的平行比较中，Fuji Ⅱ LC与其他3组的组间比较差异有显著性意义(P < 0.01)，可认为Fuji Ⅱ LC表现出显著高于其他3种玻璃离子水门汀的氟释放量，而其他3种玻璃离子水门汀组间的氟释放量差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)，说明这3种玻璃离子水门汀的氟释放行为较为类似。 2.2 不同类型玻璃离子水门汀氟释放累积量的动态变化趋势图1B显示不同类型玻璃离子水门汀的氟释放累积量随时间变化趋势，如图可知对照组和3种改性玻璃离子水门汀的氟释放累积量随时间变化趋势均表现为平滑递增曲线，说明对照组与改性玻璃离子水门汀的氟释放行为均较为稳定。4种玻璃离子水门汀中，FujiⅡLC仍表现出显著高于其他3种玻璃离子水门汀的氟释放累积量(P < 0.01)，在第28天时达到1 598.3 ng/mm2。FujiⅡ和Fuji Plus 的氟释放累积量变化趋势较为类似，在第28天时分别达到497.3 ng/mm2和570.0 ng/mm2。Fuji Ⅸ的氟释放累积量相对最低，为307.6 ng/mm2。 2.3 不同类型玻璃离子水门汀氟释放累积量的拟合分析采用两种拟合方程 Y=a+b * t0.5 +c * t 和 Y=a+b * ln(t)对对照组和3种改性玻璃离子水门汀氟释放累积量进行非线性回归分析。表1分别显示这两种方程的重要参数数值和相关系数R2。如表可知，方程Y=a+b * t0.5 +c * t 可以较好模拟各种类型玻璃离子水门汀的氟释放过程，对Fuji Ⅱ、Fuji Plus和Fuji Ⅸ的相关系数均为0.999，Fuji Ⅱ LC也达到了0.998；相反，方程Y=a+b * ln(t) 的模拟结果相对较差，难以真实反映这4种玻璃离子水门汀的氟释放行为，对对照组的拟合相关系数只有0.965，对Fuji Plus、FujiⅨ和FujiⅡ LC相关系数甚至更低，分别为0.877，0.916和0.929。"

2.4 不同类型玻璃离子水门汀在不同时间下的溶解率图2A显示对照组和3种改性玻璃离子水门汀在第3，7，14，28天时的溶解率，如图可知，Fuji Ⅱ LC的溶解率显著高于其他3种玻璃离子水门汀，其次为Fuji Plus。FujiⅡ和Fuji Ⅸ的溶解率相差不大。在第28天时，Fuji Ⅱ LC的溶解率达到95 278 ng/mm2，之后为Fuji Plus(66 603 ng/mm2)，最后为Fuji Ⅱ(47 296 ng/mm2)和Fuji Ⅸ(40 670 ng/mm2)。 2.5 不同类型玻璃离子水门汀的氟释放累积量与容积率的关系图2B显示对照组和3种改性玻璃离子水门汀氟释放累积量与容积率的关系，可以看出对4种玻璃离子水门汀，氟释放累积量与玻璃离子水门汀溶解率近似成正比例的关系，对Fuji Ⅱ和Fuji Ⅸ，相关系数为0.951，对Fuji Plus和Fuji Ⅱ LC，相关系数更达到0.986和0.987。对4种玻璃离子水门汀来说，溶解率越高氟释放累积量越大，氟释放累积量随溶解率升高而变大。 2.6 不同类型玻璃离子水门汀在第0天和第28天的微观结构图3显示各玻璃离子水门汀在第0天和第28天通过扫描电镜得到的微观结构图。如图可知，对照组在放入人工唾液28 d后，其表面结构呈疏松微孔状，表现为产生较多的微细空穴，说明在这些位置上出现了溶解现象。对Fuji Plus，可以看出溶解实验后试样的表面结构处现了较大的空穴，说明在这个过程中有较多量的内含物溶解到人工唾液中。对Fuji Ⅸ，其微观结构与其他3种玻璃离子水门汀差异较大，溶解实验对试样微结构的影响相对较小，说明Fuji Ⅸ在人工唾液中的溶解行为相对较不显著。对Fuji Ⅱ LC，其在溶解实验后出现了大量孔洞，数量及面积超过其他3种玻璃离子水门汀，说明该型玻璃离子水门汀在人工唾液中具有较好的溶解行为。 2.7 各种玻璃离子水门汀氟释放累积量与溶解率的比值图4显示4种玻璃离子水门汀在第28天时的氟释放累积量与溶解率的比值。如图可知，Fuji Ⅱ LC达到了最高的氟释放累积量占溶解率的比例，为1.66%，之后依次为 Fuji Ⅱ (1.07%)，Fuji Plus(0.87%)和Fuji Ⅸ(0.76%)。"

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